A Coupled Seepage–Deformation Model for Simulating the Effect of Fracture Seepage on Rock Slope Stability Using the Numerical Manifold Method

Modeling seepage problems in rock fractures is an interesting research approach to evaluating slope instability that attracting increasing attention. In the present study, a coupled seepage–deformation model based on numerical manifold method (NMM) proposed, and flow of groundwater fracture network with effects pressure deformation are discussed. A global equilibrium equation system local factor safety (FoS) arbitrary derived principle minimum energy, series verification examples calculated. The simulation results show robustness effectiveness proposed model. Finally, collapse accident caused by simulated method, failure process reproduced. excessive hydraulic vertical open augmented mass deformation, eventually leading slope. possesses potential simulate larger-scale engineering problems.